Technology of ventilated facades

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The installation of products made of natural stone is one of the most costly and labor-intensive processes. They require careful preparation of technical documentation, products made of natural stone, a working platform and high qualification of installation specialists. Errors in violation of installation technologies lead to significant financial losses to the customer when eliminating the consequences of poorly executed installation work, as well as to significant costs in the process of operation.

Advantages of the facade made from natural stone

Special demand for natural stone is used because it has very good performance characteristics, as well as unsurpassed decorative properties:

- An important characteristic is fire safety;

- High level of resistance to temperature changes.

- Huge selection of design and architectural solutions;

- Creation of a unique, individual architecture;

- Practicality in care, non-adherence to aggressive external environment, durability, long service life

- Presentable appearance;

- Ecological cleanliness of materials.

The natural stone used for facade cladding, thanks to its aesthetic appearance, allows creating a unique architectural solution. Facing the facade with a natural stone will demonstrate your consistency and good taste. In addition, it is a very strong and wear-resistant material that can last more than 50 years without being repaired.

For the facades are used granite, limestone, gabbro, labradorite, travertine. The choice between them depends on the required requirements for the strength of the material on this or that section of the facade and to its external data.

Rocks of stone for facade cladding

Granite. Facing granite facade has many advantages. It is a solid and solid stone, characterized by low water absorption, resistance to frost and pollution. The plinth of granite will turn even a modest cottage into a real mansion. Has a high aesthetic properties, is characterized by a wide palette of colors.

Travertine. Travertine or calcareous tuff-polycrystalline brittle fine-grained homogeneous rock formed by minerals of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite with a smaller fraction of calcite). The color of the travertine depends on the deposit. In the Urals, there are white, gray, yellow, black, green, pink-red marble. The facade of travertine will add to the building of respectability.

Sandstone. It is a porous stone of gray-yellow color. Less durable than granite and marble, however, it is lighter and noticeably cheaper. Another advantage of the material is its light weight. It perfectly preserves the heat in the room, it has a high moisture resistance.

Limestone. For facing of facades the density-structured limestone is applied. This material is less durable than granite, but it keeps the heat in the room well and does not allow moisture to pass through. Most often, limestone of light shades is used for walls.

Types of facades

The decoration of the facade is one of the most important stages of work, on which the overall impression of the status of the master depends. The architecture of the building is the face of your property. To date, there are several ways to finish the facades.

Let's consider them in more detail:

1) The most common and simple way of facing facades of buildings is the preliminary plastering of the facade. This inexpensive and simple solution consists in plastering the surface of the walls with the further fixing of natural stone to the plastered surface with the help of adhesive compounds. This method is often used in both the decoration of private houses and urban buildings. At the same time the labor costs with this method are minimal. But it has quite a few shortcomings, such as:

- restriction of the format and thickness of products made of natural stone used for facing the facade;

- absence of mechanical fastening of products made of natural stone;

- restriction of the weight of articles made of natural stone used for facing the facade;

2) Another popular method is the installation of a ventilated facade. This type of decoration allows not only to give an aesthetic appearance to the building, but also creates additional heat protection. As a finishing layer, various materials are used, such as: porcelain stoneware, composite panels, wooden board. The most aesthetic of all materials is natural stone. The hanging facade is a system consisting of an aluminum or stainless steel frame on which a facing layer is mounted. The frame itself is attached to the walls of buildings using metal anchors. The space between the wall and the finish layer can be insulated with a mineral wool insulation or remain empty. The air circulating in space removes moisture from the structure and wall, which collects in the form of condensate.

This method has many advantages, such as:

- allows you to implement fairly complex architectural solutions;

- the service life of the structure is about 40-50 years;

- in the event of damage to any element, repairs can be made quickly enough;

- installation can be made in all weather conditions;

- the thermal insulation properties of the walls significantly increase. Inside the room a more favorable microclimate is created.

The main disadvantages of this method of facing include:

- the presence of compensatory seams, as well as relatively large seams between ordinary products made of natural stone due to the thermal expansion of the metal;

- the fragility of stone slabs when using a large format;

- large metal consumption when facing decorative elements (arches, cornices, columns, capitals, etc.).

In our opinion, this method of facing is most suitable for facing large administrative buildings.

3) Finally, the third main method of facing facades is the "wet" method of mounting under the pouring. The method consists in creating a reinforcing layer, mechanically fixing the stone cladding to both the enclosing structure and pivoting the rows of the stone with each other. This method is often used in both the decoration of private houses and urban buildings. In this way, the cladding of all historical buildings in Moscow, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the famous "Seven Skyscrapers", the Triumphal Arch, the National Hotel, the Council of Ministers building, the Government House, the Yerevan Plaza shopping center and many others have been installed. To date, this is the only method that has proven itself for decades of operation in our climatic conditions. But like the other methods, there are a number of shortcomings:

- installation must be carried out under a certain temperature regime, not less than + 5С;

- You can work in the warm season. In the winter season, installation can also be carried out, but this will require the arrangement of a working space, which will increase the cost of work;

- a large load on the walls and foundation of the building.

Technology of ventilated facades.

Preparation for warming and work on the insulation of the facade. Before starting the installation it is important to investigate the facade of the building to which the substructures are to be attached. It is necessary to perform geodetic survey, to remove the exact dimensions of the building, to examine the condition of the bearing walls, to conduct tests of anchor dowels. The main purpose of such a test is to make sure that the facade withstands additional loads. After this, a project on the thermal insulation of the building is created and insulation works are carried out.

Layout of the facade. This procedure is performed using aiming cords, as well as using a laser, roulettes, measuring strips and a theodolite. The horizontal distance between adjacent axes should be equal to the width of the sheet or plate of material to be mounted. Markup is done from the bottom up.

Mounting brackets. In order to fix the brackets, it is necessary to make holes with drill bits designed to work with the material from which the facade is made.

Mounting of guides. On the brackets established according to the marking, install vertical guides, which take on most of the load.

Installation of natural stone.

The technology of installing the stone on the facade under the pouring.

1. Preparation of the base for facing with granite slabs.
2. Priming of the base Concrete contact under the facing of granite slabs.
3. The device 2armokorkasa "with the use of reinforcement, metal corners and a metal welded mesh 50x50x4 mm on the wall using a perforated tape or a binding wire galvanized and anchors.
4. Calibration of granite plates with diamond disks.
5. When installing the stone for pouring as a supporting element of the lower stone, as well as "unloading belts" a metal corner is used.
6. When installing a stone for pouring as a connecting armature of a stone and an armo-frame of a wall, brass wire with a diameter of 3 mm is used. Wire of variable length (depending on the ratio of the stone to the wall), bent in the form of "T". One end of the wire is tied to a metal mesh. The other end is anchored in the body of the stone from the side of the upper end, with a snap along the axis of the stone to a depth of 25 mm, not less than 2 per stone. This wall mount system is applied to all stones. The stones are fastened together using glue-mastic based on polyester resins and pins. The gaps between the stones should not be more than 1.5 mm. With an increase in the ratio of the stone from the wall by more than 20 mm, Portland cement PC-500 and sand-concrete M-300 are added to the adhesive solution.
7. Polishing the surface of the stone.
8. Grouting joints.

Choosing cooperation with the company "MeGran" ("Megan"), you make a choice in favor of a guaranteed quality and professional approach in solving any problems.